Bromine

Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured vapour.

What the numbers say

At standard temperature and pressure Bromine is a liquid, sitting in period 4, group 17 of the p-block.

Its melting point of 266 K (-7 °C) is the 97th highest of the 110 elements with a measured value — mid-range among the elements.

At 3.12 g/cm³ it is the 69th densest of 96 elements with a quoted density.

Pauling electronegativity is 2.96. Paired with oxygen (3.44) that is a difference of 0.48, which puts the bond polar covalent — oxides here tend to be semiconducting or refractory rather than salt-like.

In the solid state it takes a base orthorhombic structure.

It is reported in 6 oxidation states (-1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7), which sets how many distinct compounds and phases it can form.

First identified in 1826.

Crystal structure

Check it against computed structures

The structure search queries the Materials Project, OQMD and the Open Materials Database for computed crystal structures containing Br — with DFT formation energy, hull stability and band gap where the provider publishes them.