Titanium
transition metal · period 4 · group 4 · d-block
Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Its atomic weight is 47.867 measured in daltons.
What the numbers say
At standard temperature and pressure Titanium is a solid, sitting in period 4, group 4 of the d-block.
Its melting point of 1941 K (1668 °C) is the 20th highest of the 110 elements with a measured value — mid-range among the elements.
At 4.507 g/cm³ it is the 66th densest of 96 elements with a quoted density.
Pauling electronegativity is 1.54. Paired with oxygen (3.44) that is a difference of 1.90, which puts the bond predominantly ionic — expect a stable oxide ceramic.
In the solid state it takes a simple hexagonal structure — hexagonal packing offers few easy slip systems, so properties are anisotropic and formability is limited.
It is reported in 4 oxidation states (-1, 2, 3, 4), which sets how many distinct compounds and phases it can form.
First identified in 1791.
Crystal structure
Solid Titanium adopts a Simple Hexagonal arrangement, in the Hexagonal system — axes a = b ≠ c, angles α = β = 90°, γ = 120°. Symmetry controls the anisotropy of stiffness and thermal expansion, and the available slip systems set how far the metal deforms before it fractures.
Where titanium shows up in engineering materials
1 entry in the materials library names it directly:
- Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) — Titanium α+β
Crystallographic examples
Titanium or one of its compounds is a textbook example for these crystal systems:
- Tetragonal — β-Sn, rutile TiO₂, zircon, martensite (BCT)
- Hexagonal — Mg, Zn, Ti-α, graphite, ZnO (wurtzite), ice Ih
Check it against computed structures
The structure search queries the Materials Project, OQMD and the Open Materials Database for computed crystal structures containing Ti — with DFT formation energy, hull stability and band gap where the provider publishes them.
K 2 · L 8 · M 10 · N 2
Properties
| Atomic number | 22 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 47.8671 u |
| Series | transition metal |
| Group | 4 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d-block |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 4.507 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1941 K (1668 °C) |
| Boiling point | 3560 K (3287 °C) |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d² 4s² |
| Crystal structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Oxidation states | -1,2,3,4 |
| Discovered | 1791 |
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See Ti in context with all 118 elements.
Working with titanium in a real design?
Ask the materials chat how Ti behaves in your alloy system, what it does to weldability, and which grades to look at — with the source of every number named.