Periodic table of the elements

All 118 elements, arranged by atomic number and coloured by series. Select any element for its atomic data, physical constants, crystal structure and the engineering materials it turns up in.

1 H Hydrogen 2 He Helium 3 Li Lithium 4 Be Beryllium 5 B Boron 6 C Carbon 7 N Nitrogen 8 O Oxygen 9 F Fluorine 10 Ne Neon 11 Na Sodium 12 Mg Magnesium 13 Al Aluminium 14 Si Silicon 15 P Phosphorus 16 S Sulfur 17 Cl Chlorine 18 Ar Argon 19 K Potassium 20 Ca Calcium 21 Sc Scandium 22 Ti Titanium 23 V Vanadium 24 Cr Chromium 25 Mn Manganese 26 Fe Iron 27 Co Cobalt 28 Ni Nickel 29 Cu Copper 30 Zn Zinc 31 Ga Gallium 32 Ge Germanium 33 As Arsenic 34 Se Selenium 35 Br Bromine 36 Kr Krypton 37 Rb Rubidium 38 Sr Strontium 39 Y Yttrium 40 Zr Zirconium 41 Nb Niobium 42 Mo Molybdenum 43 Tc Technetium 44 Ru Ruthenium 45 Rh Rhodium 46 Pd Palladium 47 Ag Silver 48 Cd Cadmium 49 In Indium 50 Sn Tin 51 Sb Antimony 52 Te Tellurium 53 I Iodine 54 Xe Xenon 55 Cs Cesium 56 Ba Barium 57 La Lanthanum 58 Ce Cerium 59 Pr Praseodymium 60 Nd Neodymium 61 Pm Promethium 62 Sm Samarium 63 Eu Europium 64 Gd Gadolinium 65 Tb Terbium 66 Dy Dysprosium 67 Ho Holmium 68 Er Erbium 69 Tm Thulium 70 Yb Ytterbium 71 Lu Lutetium 72 Hf Hafnium 73 Ta Tantalum 74 W Tungsten 75 Re Rhenium 76 Os Osmium 77 Ir Iridium 78 Pt Platinum 79 Au Gold 80 Hg Mercury 81 Tl Thallium 82 Pb Lead 83 Bi Bismuth 84 Po Polonium 85 At Astatine 86 Rn Radon 87 Fr Francium 88 Ra Radium 89 Ac Actinium 90 Th Thorium 91 Pa Protactinium 92 U Uranium 93 Np Neptunium 94 Pu Plutonium 95 Am Americium 96 Cm Curium 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Californium 99 Es Einsteinium 100 Fm Fermium 101 Md Mendelevium 102 No Nobelium 103 Lr Lawrencium 104 Rf Rutherfordium 105 Db Dubnium 106 Sg Seaborgium 107 Bh Bohrium 108 Hs Hassium 109 Mt Meitnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium 111 Rg Roentgenium 112 Cn Copernicium 113 Nh Nihonium 114 Fl Flerovium 115 Mc Moscovium 116 Lv Livermorium 117 Ts Tennessine 118 Og Oganesson

alkali metal alkaline earth metal transition metal post-transition metal metalloid diatomic nonmetal polyatomic nonmetal noble gas lanthanide actinide

How to read the table

Elements are ordered by atomic number Z — the number of protons — and wrapped into rows so that elements with the same outer-shell configuration line up in columns. A period (row) is one electron shell being filled; a group (column) collects elements with the same valence structure, which is why they behave alike chemically.

The block tells you which orbital is being filled: s-block on the left, p-block on the right, the d-block transition metals between them, and the f-block lanthanides and actinides pulled out into the two rows below to keep the table readable.

Why it matters in materials engineering

Position predicts behaviour. Electronegativity difference across a pair of elements decides whether their bond is metallic, covalent or ionic — and that decides whether you get a ductile alloy, a hard ceramic or a salt. Atomic radius governs solubility in a host lattice (the Hume-Rothery rules), which is why some alloying additions strengthen and others form brittle intermetallics.

Melting point tracks bond strength and sets the ceiling on service temperature and the floor on processing temperature. Crystal structure — FCC, BCC or HCP — decides how many slip systems are available, and therefore how ductile and how formable the metal is going to be.

Alkali Metal

6 elements

Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

Alkaline Earth Metal

6 elements

Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra

Transition Metal

50 elements

Al Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv

Post-Transition Metal

11 elements

Al Ga In Sn Tl Pb Bi Po Fl Mc Lv

Metalloid

8 elements

B Si Ge As Sb Te At Ts

Diatomic Nonmetal

7 elements

H N O F Cl Br I

Polyatomic Nonmetal

4 elements

C P S Se

Noble Gas

7 elements

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Og

Lanthanide

15 elements

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Actinide

15 elements

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Prefer the numbers side by side? The element property table lists mass, density, melting and boiling points and electronegativity for all 118 elements in one sortable view.

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